Withdrawal from the regular workforce as a natural consequence of advance age often takes on the nature of a crisis in the life of the individual. The overwhelming importance of the economic aspects of modern urban life, and the association of personal status with economic standing are major causes.
More and more attention is therefore being given to educating people adequately in preparation for retirement, especially as the average age of retirement falls and employment opportunities are reduced.
Finances
Financial support is a key area that requires planning. Ideally, superannuation and funding arrangements should be commenced at least ten years before the estimated time of retirement. Professional advice about investment as well as general financial matters is advisable. If major expenses can be foreseen, such as moving to a new house or replacing a car, they are usually best undertaken prior to retirement.
Wise financial planning may mean the difference between enjoyment and mere existence during retirement. Range of leisure activities and adequacy of diet may both be impaired by poverty.
Social Isolation
As workmates provide the best companionship for many people and by the time of retirement children have often left home to establish their own families, social isolation among retired people is frequent. Death of a spouse and general restriction on mobility because of poor health are other factors that may contribute. Many elderly people living alone in small dwellings or single rooms are isolated from the remainder of the community.
If the immediate or extended family are close-knit, grandparents can play a family role, but if people plan to move nearer their children such a change should be implemented while they are young enough to establish social contacts in their neighborhood.
Loss of Prestige
Loss of prestige or status associated with retirement can be considerable and may be accompanied by depression and other psychological problems. Adequate socialization and appropriate leisure activities can help to minimize such problems.
Keeping Active
Many old people derive pleasure and a sense of purpose from activities such as voluntary social work, hobbies and interests like fishing, bowling, caring for the garden, and handicrafts. Interaction with others is important as the children have usually left home, and sometimes husband or wife dies some years before the partner. For some there is interaction with others in the form of babysitting and the extended family, for others it is gained through clubs and senior citizens? groups.
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